研究方向

城市 GNSS 可靠性与信号误差建模

建模 GNSS 测量在密集城市环境中如何失效 —— NLOS、多径、衍射、重尾误差 —— 让下游估计与完好性系统知道何时可信。

城市 GNSS多径NLOS衍射多普勒一致性重尾误差测量可靠性不确定度建模

方向负责人: 许立达 (Li-Ta Hsu)

密集城市不是 GNSS 的例外场景,而是它的压力测试。我们研究 GNSS 测量如何失效 —— NLOS、多径、衍射、多普勒畸变、重尾误差 —— 并在它们污染下游估计之前,在测量层检测并量化这些失效。

传统 GNSS 等价对待所有测量,城市 NLOS / 多径 / 衍射污染定位结果;IPNL 在信号层建模可靠性,让每个测量都带可信度标签。

目标不仅是修正"坏测量",更要建模它们的可靠性 —— 让导航管线的其余部分知道何时可以信任。这条方向是 环境感知优化估计完好性 三条方向在测量层的共同基础。

相关论文

2026 (5)

patent
Hsu, L. T& Wen, W (2026).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS and the Method for NLOS Detection and Correction (CA 3,156,087). Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO).
journal Q1
Fang, J., Bing, Xu, Liu, X., & Hsu, L.-T. (2026).Multipath Parameter Estimation Using GNSS Receiver Doppler Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3683035
journal Q1
Yan, P., Zhan, X., Sun, R., & Hsu, L.-T. (2026).Credible Uncertainty Quantification Under Noise and System Model Mismatch in Localization Systems. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2026.3682809
journal Q1
Tsang, C.-L., Hoi-Wah, Ng, Luo, Y., Hai, Di, & Hsu, L.-T. (2026).Ultra-low power GNSS L5 band snapshot positioning: A two step approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680038
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2025 (11)

book
Hsu, L. T., Zhang, G., & F., N. H. (2025).Chapter: Map-Aided GNSS Positioning. Springer Publishers Inc.
patent
Hsu, L. T& Wen, W (2025).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS and the Method for NLOS Detection and Correction (ZL 2022 1 0905688.2). China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA).
patent
Hsu, L. T& Wen, W (2025).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS and the Method for NLOS Detection and Correction (HK 40077647). Hong Kong Intellectual Property Department.
journal Q1
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Liu, X., Wen, W., Huang, F., Gao, H., Wang, Y., & Hsu, L. T. (2025).3-D LiDAR-Aided GNSS NLOS Mitigation for Reliable GNSS-RTK Positioning in Urban Canyons. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3629836
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Liu, X., Wen, W., Zhang, L., & Hsu, L. T. (2025).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS NLOS Correction by Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using Doppler Measurements in Urban Canyons. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3596582
conference
Zhengdao, Li, Yan, P., Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2025).Paired Cauchy-Gaussian overbound for not symmetric unimodal heavy-tailed distributions. 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS). https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028215
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Huang, F., Zhong, Y., Chen, H., Dongzhe, Su, Jin, Wu, Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2025).Roadside GNSS Aided Multi-Sensor Integrated System for Vehicle Positioning in Urban Areas. 2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS60139.2025.11246475
conference
Zhong, Y., Hoi-Fung, Ng, Hsu, L.-T., & Wen, W. (2025).GNSS/Map Integration with Batch Factor Graph Optimization for Reliable Trajectory Estimation in Urban Canyon. 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS). https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028209

2024 (33)

patent
Hsu, L. T& Wen, W (2024).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS and the Method for NLOS Detection and Correction (US 12,123,961 B2). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US12123961B2
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Liu, X, Wen, W, Liu, J, & Hsu, L. T (2024).NLOS Error Correction Method, Apparatus, Terminal and Storage Medium (一种非视距误差修正方法、装置、终端及存储介质) (CN 202410345048.X). China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA).
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Zhong, Y., Hu, R., Bai, X., Li, X., Hsu, L. T., & Wen, W. (2024).Enhancing GNSS Positioning Accuracy for Road Monitoring Systems: A Factor Graph Optimization Approach Aided by Geospatial Information. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3369156
journal Q1
Ye, M., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Building Model Rectification Using GNSS Reflectometry. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3373639
journal Q1
Xu, P., Zhang, G., Zhong, Y., Yang, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).A Framework for Graphical GNSS Multipath and NLOS Mitigation. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3374819
journal Q1
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Zhang, L., Ng, H. F., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Ray-Tracing Correction for GNSS Velocity Estimation Using Doppler Frequency: A Feasibility Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3385033
journal Q1
Xu, P., Zhang, G., Yang, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Machine Learning in GNSS Multipath/NLOS Mitigation: Review and Benchmark. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1109/maes.2024.3395182
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Jin, R., Zhang, G., Hsu, L. T., & Hu, Y. (2024).A Survey on Cooperative Positioning Using GNSS Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3397879
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Qi, X., Xu, B., Wang, Z., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Random forest-based multipath parameter estimation. GPS Solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-024-01667-x
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Zhang, Z., Xu, P., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).GNSS-based Environment Retrieval: A Deep Learning Approach for Fine-grained Environment Perception. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3440645
journal Q1
Yan, P., Zhong, Y., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Principal Gaussian Overbound for Heavy-tailed Error Bounding. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3448405
journal Q1
Yan, P., Xia, X., Brizzi, M., Wen, W., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Subspace-based Adaptive GMM Error Modeling for Fault-Aware Pseudorange-based Positioning in Urban Canyons. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3450198
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Xia, X., Wen, W., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Integrity-Constrained Factor Graph Optimization for GNSS Positioning in Urban Canyons. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.660
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Fang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Xu, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Characterization and Validation of GNSS Multipath-Induced Doppler Measurement Error. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3487132
journal Q1
Zhang, L., Ng, H. F., Zhong, Y., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).GNSS Doppler Velocity Estimation Aided by 3D Mapping Database. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2024.3486448
conference
Zhou, J., Lian, J., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).Performance Assessment of GNSS Positioning in Different Vegetated Environments. Proceedings of the ION 2024 Pacific PNT Meeting. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19656
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Bai, S., Wen, W., Yue, Yu, & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).Invariant Extended Kalman Filtering for Pedestrian Deep-Inertial Odometry. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-2024-607-2024
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Fang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Bing, Xu, & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).Modeling and Validation of GNSS Multipath-Induced Doppler Tracking Error. The International Technical Meeting of the The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19549
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Debiao, Lu, Wang, H., Cai, B., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).BDS for Train Localization Performance Forecast in Railway Environments Using Machine Learning. ION Pacific PNT. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19652
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Penghui, Xu& Hsu, L.-T. (2024).AutoW: Self-Supervision Learning for Weighting Estimation in GNSS Positioning. ION GNSS+, The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19896
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Mingda, Ye, Zhang, G., & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).3DMA GNSS Positioning with Multipath Signals in Urban Areas: Methodology and Preliminary Results. ION GNSS+, The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19770
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Hoi-Fung, Ng, Penghui, Xu, Zhong, Y., Zhang, G., Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).DGNSS Corrected Pseudorange and Time-Differenced Carrier Phase (TDCP) Measurements using Differentiable Factor Graph Optimization (DFGO). ION GNSS+, The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19908
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Vicenzo, S., Xin, Qi, Bing, Xu, & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).Machine Learning Assisted GNSS Direct Position Estimation for Urban Environments Applications. The International Technical Meeting of the The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19567
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Hai, Di, Tsang, C. L., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).GNSS Measurement Performance in Vegetation Environments: Assessment and Analysis in Signal Processing Level. ION GNSS+, The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19880
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Yuan, Li, Liu, X., Wen, W., Hsu, L.-T., Yuan, Y., Bian, G., & Chen, Q. (2024).Factor Graph Optimization Based Multi Epoch Ambiguity Resolution for GNSS RTK and its Evaluation in Hong Kong Urban Canyons. ION GNSS+, The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19805
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Lian, J., Zhou, J., Luo, Y., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).Improving GNSS Positioning in Challenging Urban Areas by Digital Twin Database Correction. 2024 14th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). https://doi.org/10.1109/IPIN62893.2024.10786144

2023 (33)

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Hsu, L. T& Wen, W (2023).3D Vision Aided GNSS Real-time Kinematic Positioning for Autonomous Systems in Urban Canyons (PCT/CN2023/087717 · US 18/856,932 · HK 62024100104.4 · CN 202380033788.3 · CA 3247676). WIPO / USPTO / HKIPD / CNIPA / CIPO (multi-jurisdiction PCT family).
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Gong, Z, Bao, X, B, Y., Y, G., Hsu, L. T, & Wen, W (2023).Vehicle Position Enhancement System and Method (车载位置增强系统及方法) (CN 202310289415.4). China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA). https://patents.google.com/patent/CN116660938A
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Jia, Q., Luo, Y., Bing, Xu, Hsu, L.-T., & Renbiao, Wu (2023).A robust vector tracking loop structure based on potential bias analysis. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.11.013
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Tsang, C. L., Luo, Y., Xu, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).C/N0 Assessment Based on GPS L5/L1C/A Signal Acquisition in Open-Sky/Light-Urban/Dense-Urban/Indoor Environments with Extended Coherent Integration Time. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation.
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Luo, Y., Hsu, L. T., Tsang, C. L., & El-Sheimy, N. (2023).An Unassisted Super-Resolution Satellite Navigation Receiver Using GPS L5 Signals. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3293782
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Dey, A., Iyer, K., Xu, B., Sharma, N., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).Performance Evaluation of Vectorized NavIC Receiver Using Improved Dual-Frequency NavIC Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3295020
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Luo, Y., Hsu, L. T., & El-Sheimy, N. (2023).A Baseband MLE for Snapshot GNSS Receiver Using Super-Long-Coherent Correlation in a Fractional Fourier Domain. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.588
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Wen, W., Bai, X., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).3D Vision Aided GNSS Real-Time Kinematic Positioning for Autonomous Systems in Urban Canyons. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.590
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Xu, P., Zhang, G., Yang, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).PositionNet: CNN-based GNSS positioning in urban areas with residual maps. Applied Soft Computing. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4194604
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Chang, J., Zhang, Y., Fan, S., Huang, F., Xu, D., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).An Anti-spoofing Model based on MVM and MCCM for a Loosely-coupled GNSS/INS/LiDAR Kalman Filter. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3335356
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Chen, P., Guan, W., Huang, F., Zhong, Y., Wen, W., Hsu, L. T., & Lu, P. (2023).ECMD: An Event-Centric Multisensory Driving Dataset for SLAM. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2023.3339144
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Hsu, L. T., Huang, F., Ng, H. F., Zhang, G., Zhong, Y., Bai, X., & Wen, W. (2023).Hong Kong UrbanNav: An open-source multisensory dataset for benchmarking urban navigation algorithms. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.602
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Ng, H. F., Hsu, L. T., & Zhang, G. (2023).Multi-Epoch Kriging-Based 3D Mapping-Aided GNSS and Doppler Measurement Fusion using Factor Graph Optimization. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.617
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Zhong, Y., Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Towards Accurate Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Relative Positioning Aided by Inter-Frame and Inter-Agent GNSS Measurement Collaboration Using Factor Graph Optimization for Smart Summon. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19471
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Zhang, Z., Penghui, Xu, Zhang, G., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Intelligent GNSS Satellite Visibility Classification in Urban Areas: A Deep Learning Approach with Interpretation. 2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422660
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Bai, X.& Hsu, L.-T. (2023).GVIM: GNSS/Visual/IMU/Map Integration Via Sliding Window Factor Graph Optimization in Urban Canyons. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19458
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Runzhi, Hu, Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Fisheye Camera Aided GNSS NLOS Detection and Learning-Based Pseudorange Bias Correction for Intelligent Vehicles in Urban Canyons. 2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422540
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Zhang, G., Hai, Di, Hoi-Fung, Ng, & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Extending 3DMA GNSS with Diffraction Features in Urban Areas: Feasibility Analysis and Preliminary Results. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19339
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Vicenzo, S., Bing, Xu, Dey, A., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Experimental Investigation of GNSS Direct Position Estimation in Densely Urban Area. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19341
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Penghui, Xu, Hoi-Fung, Ng, Zhong, Y., Zhang, G., Wen, W., Yang, Bo, & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Differentiable Factor Graph Optimization with Intelligent Covariance Adaptation for Accurate Smartphone Positioning. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19297
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Huang, F., Wen, W., Zhang, G., Dongzhe, Su, & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Adaptive Multi-Sensor Integrated Navigation System Aided by Continuous Error Map from RSU for Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Areas. 2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422216
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Zhang, H., Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).A New GNSS Ambiguity Resolution Method Through Mixed Integer Programming. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19317
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Zhang, L., Hoi-Fung, Ng, Zhang, G., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).3D Mapping Aided GNSS Positioning Using Doppler Frequency for Urban Areas. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19340
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Liu, X., Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS NLOS Correction with Direction of Arrival Estimation Using Doppler Measurements. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19447

2022 (11)

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Hsu, L. T& Wen, W (2022).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS and the Method for NLOS Detection and Correction (US 2023/0033404 A1). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20230033404A1
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Meng, Q, Hsu, L. T, & B, X. (2022).Spoofing Signal Generation Method and Apparatus (欺骗信号生成方法及装置, granted) (ZL 201910778721.8). China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA).
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Wen, W., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2022).GNSS Outlier Mitigation via Graduated Non-Convexity Factor Graph Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3130909
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Dey, A., Iyer, K., B., X., Sharma, N., & Hsu, L. T. (2022).Carrier-Aided Dual Frequency Vectorized Tracking Architecture for NavIC Signals. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3146927
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Wen, W. and Hsu L.-T. (2022).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS NLOS Mitigation in Urban Canyons. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3167710
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Meng, Q. and Hsu L. T. (2022).Resilient Interactive Sensor-Independent-Update Fusion Navigation Method. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2022.3150273
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Liu, X., Wen, W., & Hsu, L.-T. (2022).3D LiDAR Aided GNSS Real-time Kinematic Positioning via Coarse-to-fine Batch Optimization for High Accuracy Mapping in Dense Urban Canyons. Proceedings of the 35th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2022). https://doi.org/10.33012/2022.18545

2021 (12)

patent
Zhang, G& Hsu, L. T (2021).3D map-aided GNSS cooperative positioning method and system (ZL 201910866398.X). China National Intellectual Property Administration. https://patents.google.com/patent/CN110426717B
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Zhang, G.& Hsu, L. T. (2021).Performance Assessment of the GNSS Diffraction Models in Urban Areas. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.417
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Wen, W., Pfeifer, T., Bai, X., & Hsu, L. T. (2021).Factor Graph Optimization for GNSS/INS Integration: A Comparison with the Extended Kalman Filter. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.421
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H.F., N., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2021).Urban Positioning: 3D Mapping Aided GNSS using Dual-Frequency Pseudorange Measurements from Smartphones. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.448
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H.F., N.& Hsu, L.T. (2021).3D Mapping Database Aided GNSS RTK and Its Assessments in Urban Canyons. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3069271
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2020 (19)

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El-Mowafy, A., B., X., & Hsu, L. T. (2020).Integrity Monitoring of multi-GNSS SPP and DGNSS in Urban Environment using ARAIM and 3D City Models. Journal of Spatial Science.
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Meng, Q.& Hsu, L. T. (2020).Integrity for Autonomous Vehicles and Towards a Novel Alert Limit Determination Method. Proc. IMechE, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407020965760
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journal Q1
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Wen, W., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2020).Object Detection Aided GNSS and Its Integration with LiDAR in Highly Urbanized Areas. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2020.2994131
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Sun, R., L., F., Wang, G, Cheng, Q., & Hsu, L. T. and Ochieng W. Y. (2020).Using Dual-Polarization GPS Antenna with Optimized Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Improve Single Point Positioning Accuracy in Urban Canyons. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.408
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journal Q2
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Zhang, G., Wen, W. Xu B., & Hsu, L. T. (2020).Extending Shadow Matching to Tightly-Coupled GNSS/INS Integration System. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2981093
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Zhang, G., F., N. H., & Hsu, L. T. (2020).3D Mapping Database Aided GNSS Based Collaborative Positioning Using Factor Graph Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2988531
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Jia, Q., Hsu, L. T., B., X., & R., W. (2020).Assessment of beamforming for GNSS multipath mitigation with a cost-effective structure. Journal of Navigation.
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Sun, R., Wang, G., Cheng, Q., L., F., Chiang, K.W., & Hsu, L. T. and Ochieng W. Y. (2020).Improving GPS Code Phase Positioning Accuracy in Urban Environments Using Machine Learning. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3037074
magazine

2019 (12)

book
Hsu, L. T., Wen, W., & Zhang, G (2019).Chapter 2 - Vehicular Positioning System. Nova Science Publishers Inc.
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Wen, W., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2019).Correcting NLOS by 3D LiDAR and building height to improve GNSS single point positioning. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.335
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Sun, R., Hsu, L. T., Xue, D., Zhang, G., & Washington, Y.O. (2019).GPS Signal Reception Classification Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. Journal of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000899
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Wen, W., Bai, X., Kan, Y.C., & Hsu, L. T. (2019).Tightly Coupled GNSS/INS Integration Via Factor Graph and Aided by Fish-eye Camera. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2944680
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journal Q1
Sun, R., Wang, G., Zhang, W., & Hsu, L. T. and Ochieng W. Y. (2019).A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Based GPS Signal Reception Classification Algorithm. Applied Soft Computing Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105942
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Wen, W., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2019).GNSS NLOS Exclusion Based on Dynamic Object Detection Using LiDAR Point Cloud. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2961128
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2018 (5)

patent
Wang, Y& Hsu, L. T (2018).Positioning method and electronic equipment (CN 111198389B). China National Intellectual Property Administration. https://patents.google.com/patent/CN111198389B
journal Q2
journal Q4
Huang, Y., Y., G., & Hsu, L. T. (2018).GNSS Correction using Altitude Map and Its Integration with Pedestrian Dead Reckoning. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e101.a.1245
journal Q1
journal Q1

2017 (3)

journal unranked
Kubo, N., Kobayashi, K., Hsu, L.T., & Amai, O. (2017).Multipath Mitigation Technique under Strong Multipath Environment Using Multiple Antennas. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, Series A.
journal Q1
Hsu, L.T., Y., G., & Kamijo, S. (2017).Intelligent Viaduct Recognition and Driving Altitude Determination using GPS Data. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2017.2737325
journal Q1
Hsu, L. T., Tokura, H., Kubo, N., Y., G., & Kamijo, S. (2017).Multiple Faulty GNSS Measurement Exclusion based on Consistency Check in Urban Canyons. IEEE Sensors Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2017.2654359

2015 (6)

journal Q4
journal Q1
Miura, S., Hsu, L. T., Chen, F., & Kamijo, S. (2015).GPS Error Correction with Pseudorange Evaluation Using 3-dimensional Maps. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2015.2432122
journal Q2
journal Q2
magazine
Hsu, L. T, Miura, S, & Kamijo, S (2015).Street Smart: 3-D City Mapping and Modeling for Positioning with Multi-GNSS. GPS World.
magazine
Kamijo, S, Y, G., & Hsu, L. T (2015).Autonomous Vehicle Technologies: Localization and Mapping. IEICE Fundamentals Review. https://doi.org/10.1587/essfr.9.2_131

2014 (1)

journal Q1
Hsu, L. T., Jan, S. S., Groves, P. D., & Kubo, N. (2014).Multipath mitigation and NLOS detection using vector tracking in urban. GPS Solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0384-6

2013 (1)

journal unranked
Hsu, L. T.& Jan, S. S. (2013).Performance Analysis of Advanced GPS Receiver Technique in Radio Frequency Difficult Environment. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, Series A.

2010 (1)

journal unranked
Jan, S. S.& Hsu, L. T. (2010).Assessment of Composite PRN Code Acquisition Methods for GPS Signal. Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers.