GNSS SDRvector trackingacquisition / trackingL1 / L5direct position estimationC/N0correlator featuresreceiver-aware uncertainty
Pillar lead: Bing Xu
Reliable navigation starts before position estimation. Many urban GNSS failures begin at the receiver level — weak signals, distorted correlation peaks, multipath, NLOS reception, Doppler inconsistency, poor tracking — none of which a downstream estimator can fully recover.
We study receiver-level algorithms that turn weak, distorted signals into usable measurements, likelihoods, and uncertainty models — software-defined receivers, vector tracking, acquisition/tracking, GPS L1/L5 processing, direct position estimation, correlator-level features, and C/N0 assessment in urban, vegetated, and high-dynamic environments.
This is the foundation IPNL has built since Prof. Hsu’s PhD work, anchored by the open-source GPS_VT_SDR MATLAB vector-tracking receiver hosted on the NOAA GPS Toolbox.
Lab Contributors
Related Projects
Related Publications
2026 (2)
journal
Q1
Fang, J., Bing, Xu, Liu, X., & Hsu, L.-T. (2026).Multipath Parameter Estimation Using GNSS Receiver Doppler Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3683035
journal
Q1
Tsang, C.-L., Hoi-Wah, Ng, Luo, Y., Hai, Di, & Hsu, L.-T. (2026).Ultra-low power GNSS L5 band snapshot positioning: A two step approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680038
2024 (4)
journal
Q1
Vicenzo, S., Xu, B., Xu, H., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).GNSS direct position estimation-inspired positioning with pseudorange correlogram for urban navigation. GPS Solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-024-01627-5
journal
Q1
Fang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Xu, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2024).Characterization and Validation of GNSS Multipath-Induced Doppler Measurement Error. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3487132
conference
Fang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Bing, Xu, & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).Modeling and Validation of GNSS Multipath-Induced Doppler Tracking Error. The International Technical Meeting of the The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19549
conference
Vicenzo, S., Xin, Qi, Bing, Xu, & Hsu, L.-T. (2024).Machine Learning Assisted GNSS Direct Position Estimation for Urban Environments Applications. The International Technical Meeting of the The Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19567
2023 (8)
journal
Jia, Q., Luo, Y., Bing, Xu, Hsu, L.-T., & Renbiao, Wu (2023).A robust vector tracking loop structure based on potential bias analysis. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.11.013
journal
Q1
Luo, Y., Hsu, L. T., Jiang, Y., Liu, B., Zhang, Z., Xiang, Y., & El-Sheimy, N. (2023).High-Accuracy Absolute-Position-Aided Code Phase Tracking Based on RTK/INS Deep Integration in Challenging Static Scenarios. Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041114
journal
unranked
Tsang, C. L., Luo, Y., Xu, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).C/N0 Assessment Based on GPS L5/L1C/A Signal Acquisition in Open-Sky/Light-Urban/Dense-Urban/Indoor Environments with Extended Coherent Integration Time. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation.
journal
Q1
Fang, J., Yue, J., Xu, B., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).A post-correlation graphical way for continuous GNSS spoofing detection. Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2023.112974
journal
Q1
Luo, Y., Hsu, L. T., Tsang, C. L., & El-Sheimy, N. (2023).An Unassisted Super-Resolution Satellite Navigation Receiver Using GPS L5 Signals. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2023.3293782
journal
Q1
Dey, A., Iyer, K., Xu, B., Sharma, N., & Hsu, L. T. (2023).Performance Evaluation of Vectorized NavIC Receiver Using Improved Dual-Frequency NavIC Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3295020
journal
Q1
Luo, Y., Hsu, L. T., & El-Sheimy, N. (2023).A Baseband MLE for Snapshot GNSS Receiver Using Super-Long-Coherent Correlation in a Fractional Fourier Domain. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.588
conference
Vicenzo, S., Bing, Xu, Dey, A., & Hsu, L.-T. (2023).Experimental Investigation of GNSS Direct Position Estimation in Densely Urban Area. Proceedings of the 36th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2023). https://doi.org/10.33012/2023.19341
2022 (3)
journal
Q1
Dey, A., Iyer, K., B., X., Sharma, N., & Hsu, L. T. (2022).Carrier-Aided Dual Frequency Vectorized Tracking Architecture for NavIC Signals. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3146927
journal
Q1
Jia, Q., Hsu, & L. T. and Wu, R. (2022).Scalar and vector tracking loop simulation based on a uniform semi-analytic model and robustness analysis in multipath/NLOS situations. GPS Solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01280-w
journal
Q1
Yue, J.& Xu B. and Hsu, L. T. (2022).Data Denoising Based on Hadamard Matrix Transformation and Rayleigh Quotient Maximization: Application to GNSS Signal Classification. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3184357
2021 (1)
journal
Q1
H.F., N., Zhang, G., & Hsu, L. T. (2021).Urban Positioning: 3D Mapping Aided GNSS using Dual-Frequency Pseudorange Measurements from Smartphones. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.448
2020 (3)
journal
Q1
Sun, R., L., F., Wang, G, Cheng, Q., & Hsu, L. T. and Ochieng W. Y. (2020).Using Dual-Polarization GPS Antenna with Optimized Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Improve Single Point Positioning Accuracy in Urban Canyons. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation. https://doi.org/10.1002/navi.408
journal
Q2
H.F., N., Zhang, G., Yang, K.Y., & Yang, S. X. Hsu L. T. (2020).Improved Weighting Scheme using Consumer-level GNSS L5/E5a/B2a Pseudorange Measurements in the Urban Area. Advances in Space Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.06.002
journal
Q1
Jia, Q., Hsu, L. T., B., X., & R., W. (2020).Assessment of beamforming for GNSS multipath mitigation with a cost-effective structure. Journal of Navigation.
2019 (4)
journal
Q1
B., X.& Hsu, L. T. (2019).An Open Source Matlab Code on GPS Vector Tracking based on Software-Defined Receiver. GPS Solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0839-x
journal
Q1
Luo, Y., J., L., C., Y., B., X., Y., L., Hsu, L. T., & El-Sheimy, N. (2019).Research on Time-Correlated Errors Using Allan Variance in a Kalman Filter Applicable to Vector-Tracking-Based GNSS Software-Defined Receiver for Autonomous Ground Vehicle Navigation. Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091026
journal
Q1
B., X.& Jia, Q. and Hsu L. T. (2019).Vector Tracking Loop-based GNSS NLOS Detection and Correction: Algorithm Design and Performance Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2950578
journal
Q2
Meng, Q., Hsu, L. T., B., X., Luo, X., & El-Mowafy, A. (2019).A GPS Spoofing Generator using an Open Sourced Vector Tracking-Based Receiver. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19183993
2017 (1)
journal
unranked
Kubo, N., Kobayashi, K., Hsu, L.T., & Amai, O. (2017).Multipath Mitigation Technique under Strong Multipath Environment Using Multiple Antennas. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, Series A.
2014 (1)
journal
Q1
Hsu, L. T., Jan, S. S., Groves, P. D., & Kubo, N. (2014).Multipath mitigation and NLOS detection using vector tracking in urban. GPS Solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0384-6
2013 (1)
journal
unranked
Hsu, L. T.& Jan, S. S. (2013).Performance Analysis of Advanced GPS Receiver Technique in Radio Frequency Difficult Environment. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, Series A.
2010 (1)
journal
unranked
Jan, S. S.& Hsu, L. T. (2010).Assessment of Composite PRN Code Acquisition Methods for GPS Signal. Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers.