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Three-Dimensional Mapping-Aided Global Navigation Satellite System in Global Navigation Satellite System-Accessible Indoor Areas

Hoi-Wah Ng, Hoi-Fung Ng, Li-Ta Hsu, John-Ross Rizzo

Sensors (2026)

journal
DOI
A satellite signal reaching an indoor user: the direct signal arrives through a window while the structurally blocked path is rejected.

Key idea. Many “indoor” places — atriums, corridors, rooms with windows — still receive usable GNSS signals. Aided by a 3D building model, the method distinguishes direct signals arriving through windows and openings from blocked ones, so satellite positioning keeps working in GNSS-accessible indoor areas.

Why it matters. It extends 3D-mapping-aided GNSS beyond street canyons into the indoor fringe — with no extra infrastructure, just smarter use of the signals already there. (Sensors, 2026.)